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229 include::./stylesheets/xhtml11-manpage.css[]
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256 padding-left: 0.5em;
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259 <title>git-diff-tree(1)</title>
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264 git-diff-tree(1) Manual Page
\r
267 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
269 Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
\r
274 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
275 <div class="verseblock">
\r
276 <div class="content"><em>git-diff-tree</em> [--stdin] [-m] [-s] [-v] [--no-commit-id] [--pretty]
\r
277 [-t] [-r] [-c | --cc] [--root] [<common diff options>]
\r
278 <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>…]</div></div>
\r
280 <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
\r
281 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
282 <p>Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.</p>
\r
283 <p>If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents
\r
284 (see --stdin below).</p>
\r
285 <p>Note that "git-diff-tree" can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.</p>
\r
288 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
295 Generate patch (see section on generating patches)
\r
311 Generate patch but keep also the default raw diff output.
\r
319 Generate a diffstat instead of a patch.
\r
327 Generate patch and prepend its diffstat.
\r
335 \0 line termination on output
\r
343 Show only names of changed files.
\r
351 Show only names and status of changed files.
\r
359 Instead of the first handful characters, show full
\r
360 object name of pre- and post-image blob on the "index"
\r
361 line when generating a patch format output.
\r
365 --abbrev[=<n>]
\r
369 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
\r
370 name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
\r
371 lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix. This is
\r
372 independent of --full-index option above, which controls
\r
373 the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
\r
374 digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
\r
382 Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
\r
398 Detect copies as well as renames.
\r
402 --diff-filter=[ACDMRTUXB*]
\r
406 Select only files that are Added (<tt>A</tt>), Copied (<tt>C</tt>),
\r
407 Deleted (<tt>D</tt>), Modified (<tt>M</tt>), Renamed (<tt>R</tt>), have their
\r
408 type (mode) changed (<tt>T</tt>), are Unmerged (<tt>U</tt>), are
\r
409 Unknown (<tt>X</tt>), or have had their pairing Broken (<tt>B</tt>).
\r
410 Any combination of the filter characters may be used.
\r
411 When <tt>*</tt> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
\r
412 paths are selected if there is any file that matches
\r
413 other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
\r
414 that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
\r
418 --find-copies-harder
\r
422 For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only
\r
423 if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
\r
424 changeset. This flag makes the command
\r
425 inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
\r
426 copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
\r
427 projects, so use it with caution.
\r
435 -M and -C options require O(n^2) processing time where n
\r
436 is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
\r
437 option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
\r
438 the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
\r
447 Look for differences that contain the change in <string>.
\r
455 When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that
\r
456 changeset, not just the files that contain the change
\r
465 Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
\r
470 -O<orderfile>
\r
474 Output the patch in the order specified in the
\r
475 <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
\r
483 Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
\r
484 on-disk file to tree contents.
\r
488 <p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
\r
489 <a href="diffcore.html">diffcore documentation</a>.</p>
\r
496 The id of a tree object.
\r
500 <path>…
\r
504 If provided, the results are limited to a subset of files
\r
505 matching one of these prefix strings.
\r
506 ie file matches <tt>/^<pattern1>|<pattern2>|…/</tt>
\r
507 Note that this parameter does not provide any wildcard or regexp
\r
516 recurse into sub-trees
\r
524 show tree entry itself as well as subtrees. Implies -r.
\r
532 When <em>--root</em> is specified the initial commit will be showed as a big
\r
533 creation event. This is equivalent to a diff against the NULL tree.
\r
541 When <em>--stdin</em> is specified, the command does not take
\r
542 <tree-ish> arguments from the command line. Instead, it
\r
543 reads either one <commit> or a pair of <tree-ish>
\r
544 separated with a single space from its standard input.
\r
546 <p>When a single commit is given on one line of such input, it compares
\r
547 the commit with its parents. The following flags further affects its
\r
548 behaviour. This does not apply to the case where two <tree-ish>
\r
549 separated with a single space are given.</p>
\r
556 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" does not show
\r
557 differences for merge commits. With this flag, it shows
\r
558 differences to that commit from all of its parents. See
\r
567 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" shows differences,
\r
568 either in machine-readable form (without <em>-p</em>) or in patch
\r
569 form (with <em>-p</em>). This output can be suppressed. It is
\r
570 only useful with <em>-v</em> flag.
\r
578 This flag causes "git-diff-tree --stdin" to also show
\r
579 the commit message before the differences.
\r
583 --pretty[=(raw|medium|short)]
\r
587 This is used to control "pretty printing" format of the
\r
588 commit message. Without "=<style>", it defaults to
\r
597 git-diff-tree outputs a line with the commit ID when
\r
598 applicable. This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
\r
606 This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed
\r
607 (which means it is useful only when the command is given
\r
608 one <tree-ish>, or <em>--stdin</em>). It shows the differences
\r
609 from each of the parents to the merge result simultaneously
\r
610 instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent and the
\r
611 result one at a time (which is what the <em>-m</em> option does).
\r
612 Furthermore, it lists only files which were modified
\r
621 This flag changes the way a merge commit patch is displayed,
\r
622 in a similar way to the <em>-c</em> option. It implies the <em>-c</em>
\r
623 and <em>-p</em> options and further compresses the patch output
\r
624 by omitting hunks that show differences from only one
\r
625 parent, or show the same change from all but one parent
\r
626 for an Octopus merge. When this optimization makes all
\r
627 hunks disappear, the commit itself and the commit log
\r
628 message is not shown, just like in any other "empty diff" case.
\r
636 Show the commit itself and the commit log message even
\r
637 if the diff itself is empty.
\r
642 <h2>Limiting Output</h2>
\r
643 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
644 <p>If you're only interested in differences in a subset of files, for
\r
645 example some architecture-specific files, you might do:</p>
\r
646 <div class="literalblock">
\r
647 <div class="content">
\r
648 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> arch/ia64 include/asm-ia64</tt></pre>
\r
650 <p>and it will only show you what changed in those two directories.</p>
\r
651 <p>Or if you are searching for what changed in just <tt>kernel/sched.c</tt>, just do</p>
\r
652 <div class="literalblock">
\r
653 <div class="content">
\r
654 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> kernel/sched.c</tt></pre>
\r
656 <p>and it will ignore all differences to other files.</p>
\r
657 <p>The pattern is always the prefix, and is matched exactly. There are no
\r
658 wildcards. Even stricter, it has to match a complete path component.
\r
659 I.e. "foo" does not pick up <tt>foobar.h</tt>. "foo" does match <tt>foo/bar.h</tt>
\r
660 so it can be used to name subdirectories.</p>
\r
661 <p>An example of normal usage is:</p>
\r
662 <div class="literalblock">
\r
663 <div class="content">
\r
664 <pre><tt>torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git-diff-tree 5319e4......
\r
665 *100664->100664 blob ac348b.......->a01513....... git-fsck-objects.c</tt></pre>
\r
667 <p>which tells you that the last commit changed just one file (it's from
\r
669 <div class="listingblock">
\r
670 <div class="content">
\r
671 <pre><tt>commit 3c6f7ca19ad4043e9e72fa94106f352897e651a8
\r
672 tree 5319e4d609cdd282069cc4dce33c1db559539b03
\r
673 parent b4e628ea30d5ab3606119d2ea5caeab141d38df7
\r
674 author Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
\r
675 committer Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
\r
677 Make "git-fsck-objects" print out all the root commits it finds.
\r
679 Once I do the reference tracking, I'll also make it print out all the
\r
680 HEAD commits it finds, which is even more interesting.</tt></pre>
\r
682 <p>in case you care).</p>
\r
684 <h2>Output format</h2>
\r
685 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
686 <p>The output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree" and
\r
687 "git-diff-files" are very similar.</p>
\r
688 <p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
\r
689 compared differs:</p>
\r
692 git-diff-index <tree-ish>
\r
696 compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
\r
700 git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>
\r
704 compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
\r
708 git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…]
\r
712 compares the trees named by the two arguments.
\r
716 git-diff-files [<pattern>…]
\r
720 compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
\r
724 <p>An output line is formatted this way:</p>
\r
725 <div class="listingblock">
\r
726 <div class="content">
\r
727 <pre><tt>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
\r
728 copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
\r
729 rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
\r
730 create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
\r
731 delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
\r
732 unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6</tt></pre>
\r
734 <p>That is, from the left to the right:</p>
\r
743 mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
\r
753 mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
\r
763 sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
\r
773 sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
\r
783 status, followed by optional "score" number.
\r
788 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used.
\r
798 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used; only exists for C or R.
\r
803 path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
\r
808 an LF or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used, to terminate the record.
\r
812 <p><sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
\r
813 and it is out of sync with the index.</p>
\r
815 <div class="listingblock">
\r
816 <div class="content">
\r
817 <pre><tt>:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c</tt></pre>
\r
819 <p>When <tt>-z</tt> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
\r
820 in pathnames are represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>,
\r
823 <h2>Generating patches with -p</h2>
\r
824 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
825 <p>When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
\r
826 with a <em>-p</em> option, they do not produce the output described above;
\r
827 instead they produce a patch file.</p>
\r
828 <p>The patch generation can be customized at two levels.</p>
\r
832 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is not set,
\r
833 these commands internally invoke "diff" like this:
\r
835 <div class="literalblock">
\r
836 <div class="content">
\r
837 <pre><tt>diff -L a/<path> -L b/<path> -pu <old> <new></tt></pre>
\r
839 <p>For added files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <old>. For removed
\r
840 files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <new></p>
\r
841 <p>The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
\r
842 environment variable <em>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</em>. For example, if you
\r
843 prefer context diff:</p>
\r
844 <div class="literalblock">
\r
845 <div class="content">
\r
846 <pre><tt>GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p HEAD</tt></pre>
\r
851 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is set, the
\r
852 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
\r
855 <p>For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
\r
856 <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 7 parameters:</p>
\r
857 <div class="literalblock">
\r
858 <div class="content">
\r
859 <pre><tt>path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode</tt></pre>
\r
862 <div class="hlist"><table>
\r
864 <td class="hlist1">
\r
865 <old|new>-file
\r
867 <td class="hlist2">
\r
868 are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
\r
869 contents of <old|new>,
\r
873 <td class="hlist1">
\r
874 <old|new>-hex
\r
876 <td class="hlist2">
\r
877 are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
\r
881 <td class="hlist1">
\r
882 <old|new>-mode
\r
884 <td class="hlist2">
\r
885 are the octal representation of the file modes.
\r
889 <p>The file parameters can point at the user's working file
\r
890 (e.g. <tt>new-file</tt> in "git-diff-files"), <tt>/dev/null</tt> (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt>
\r
891 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt> in the
\r
892 index). <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> should not worry about unlinking the
\r
893 temporary file --- it is removed when <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> exits.</p>
\r
896 <p>For a path that is unmerged, <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 1
\r
897 parameter, <path>.</p>
\r
899 <h2>git specific extension to diff format</h2>
\r
900 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
901 <p>What -p option produces is slightly different from the
\r
902 traditional diff format.</p>
\r
906 It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
\r
909 <div class="literalblock">
\r
910 <div class="content">
\r
911 <pre><tt>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</tt></pre>
\r
913 <p>The <tt>a/</tt> and <tt>b/</tt> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
\r
914 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
\r
915 <tt>/dev/null</tt> is _not_ used in place of <tt>a/</tt> or <tt>b/</tt> filenames.</p>
\r
916 <p>When rename/copy is involved, <tt>file1</tt> and <tt>file2</tt> show the
\r
917 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
\r
918 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p>
\r
922 It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
\r
924 <div class="literalblock">
\r
925 <div class="content">
\r
926 <pre><tt>old mode <mode>
\r
927 new mode <mode>
\r
928 deleted file mode <mode>
\r
929 new file mode <mode>
\r
930 copy from <path>
\r
931 copy to <path>
\r
932 rename from <path>
\r
933 rename to <path>
\r
934 similarity index <number>
\r
935 dissimilarity index <number>
\r
936 index <hash>..<hash> <mode></tt></pre>
\r
941 TAB, LF, and backslash characters in pathnames are
\r
942 represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>, respectively.
\r
947 <h2>combined diff format</h2>
\r
948 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
949 <p>git-diff-tree and git-diff-files can take <em>-c</em> or <em>--cc</em> option
\r
950 to produce <em>combined diff</em>, which looks like this:</p>
\r
951 <div class="listingblock">
\r
952 <div class="content">
\r
953 <pre><tt>diff --combined describe.c
\r
955 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
\r
958 - static void describe(char *arg)
\r
959 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
\r
960 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
\r
962 + unsigned char sha1[20];
\r
963 + struct commit *cmit;</tt></pre>
\r
965 <p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
\r
966 files A and B with a single column that has <tt>-</tt> (minus —
\r
967 appears in A but removed in B), <tt>+</tt> (plus — missing in A but
\r
968 added to B), or <tt> </tt> (space — unchanged) prefix, this format
\r
969 compares two or more files file1, file2,… with one file X, and
\r
970 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
\r
971 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
\r
972 different from it.</p>
\r
973 <p>A <tt>-</tt> character in the column N means that the line appears in
\r
974 fileN but it does not appear in the last file. A <tt>+</tt> character
\r
975 in the column N means that the line appears in the last file,
\r
976 and fileN does not have that line.</p>
\r
977 <p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
\r
978 from both files (hence two <tt>-</tt> removals from both file1 and
\r
979 file2, plus <tt>++</tt> to mean one line that was added does not appear
\r
980 in either file1 nor file2). Also two other lines are the same
\r
981 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <tt> +</tt>).</p>
\r
982 <p>When shown by <tt>git diff-tree -c</tt>, it compares the parents of a
\r
983 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
\r
984 parents). When shown by <tt>git diff-files -c</tt>, it compares the
\r
985 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
\r
986 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
\r
987 "their version").</p>
\r
990 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
991 <p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org></p>
\r
993 <h2>Documentation</h2>
\r
994 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
995 <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p>
\r
998 <div class="sectionbody">
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999 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
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1002 <div id="footer-text">
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1003 Last updated 16-Apr-2006 11:00:57 UTC
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projects / git.git / blob